Role of Cfo free essay sample

Past Role of CUFF The past role of Chief Financial Officer(CUFF) revolved around the following key core areas 0 Performing the role of the operating manager of finance function, controlling compliance and statutory reporting in publicly traded companies. 0 Counseling role or Advisory role and help in bringing about orderly and control centric growth in companies. 0 Performing the treasury duties which involve decision making on how to invest the companys money, taking into consideration risk and liquidity. Deciding the Capital Structure of the company. The CUFF should determine the best ix of debt, equity and internal financing in the company. Present Role of CUFF Currently the Indian economy is in a crisis situation with increasing Current Account Deficit (CAD) and huge fall in the rupee. The situation is getting worse with the possibility of US Attack on Syria. The GAP growth of India is at the sub 5% level and WHIP inflation has rose above 6%. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Cfo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The role of CUFF becomes even more important in the current situation with the rupee depreciating against the dollar and negatively impacting the balance sheet of most of the Indian companies except those firms which are export oriented and IT Firms. Scoffs in the present day organizations are largely restricted to the responsibilities of providing the top management with financial data gathered from both outside and within the organizations. The finance department acts as a medium through which business plans are prepared based on financial projections. In regard to India, a CUFF today is concerned with the following issues 0 A major chunk of the Indian Coffs believe that revenue growth/preservation, cost reduction and maintenance of talent pool are the major organizational challenges. Presently, Indian Scoffs have limited participation in the strategic role. 0 Most of Indian Scoffs are not involved in sustainability strategy and governance. Sustainability functions include internal controls, compliance with tax regulations, performance measurement and reporting of financial and non financial indicators. CUFF needs to ensure and monitor that business operations take place efficiently, loss making products or activities are terminated and cost saving measures are being executed adequately. 0 Scoffs consider scalability and valuation as biggest drivers of Mergers and Acquisitions activity in the industry. Though the Indian economy is down at the moment, Scoffs expect that companies with good fundamentals and good valuation will be prospective targets for acquisition. Most Indian Scoffs are currently not considering outsourcing their business process except for multinational companies which do so due to compulsion because of global contracts entered into by their parent companies. 0 Currently Scoffs dont depend on proactive data mining and data analysis tools for their risk management system. It is imperative that the Scoffs adopt these tools in order to reduce the occurrence of fraudulent activities. 0 Cost of credit is worrisome for Scoffs in the Financial Services Industry with the government tightening liquidity in the system and increasing MS in order to prevent the depreciation of the rupee. Future Role of CUFF The Global Financial Crisis in 2008 has put the spotlight on Indian Scoffs more than ever before. The Corporate Governance responsibility of CUFF has increased, the CUFF became more involved in operational and strategic decisions to the company, management and assumed the role of CEO designate. CEO also assumed the role of instilling sense of confidence among the stakeholders namely employees, customers, partners and suppliers. 0 Alongside the traditional mandate to provide financial insights and analysis, Scoffs must describe a greater involvement in supporting and developing strategy and guiding key business initiatives. CUFF of Oxide Industries , A. K. Musketeer , had to cut down on replacement for automotive batteries due to under capacity. In 2011 A. K. Musketeer expanded the capacity which not only helped Oxide to tide over demand but also achieve greater market share. Under his purview, Oxide tied up with Us-based East Penn Manufacturing Co. And Japans Shin-Kobo Electric Machinery Company to improve processes, designs, and quality control. Scoffs must be versatile individuals with the talent to meet a continually changing set of circumstances. The CUFF of L Y. M. Detestable was instrumental in setting up L finance Limited which is a wholly owned subsidiary of L. Y. M. Detestable hedged foreign currency loans well in time, which would otherwise have meant provisioning RSI. 00 core when there was depreciation in rupee. He was an advocate of not only churning out profits but also managing risk effectively and protecting the margins of the company. Scoffs must still attend closely to cash flows, controls, costs and risk. Also, they should continue to seek profitable growth irrespective of the state of the economy-whether it be boom, recession or depression. Mr. Oshkosh Chatterer,CUFF of Data Steel, is an advocate of raising capital ahead of requirement and managing crisis through management of liquidity. Coffs should leverage the advancements in genealogy for taking decisions. CUFF has to use decision support systems available in the field of finance for making key decisions. Let CUFF Rajah Tendon used technology to track availability of rooms at all its properties across the country. This helped Rajah Tendon in better management of the rooms and led to revenue minimization. Rajah Tendon also used technology to reorganize the logistics network such that redistribution between warehouses was minimized. CUFF should take ownership and actively manage the financial drivers of value. Example: For a technology many, value drivers are completing a product development project by creating new technology or establishing partnership with a technical university. If the product development project has a long term benefit but a short term financial cost then the CUFF should give priority to the drivers of value and act in the long term interest of the company rather than short term gain. 0 CUFF is responsible not only for the past and present financial situation but is also an integral part of a companys financial future. A CUFF must be able to identify and report what areas of a company are most efficient and how the company can capitalize on this information. For Example, the CUFF of a company like MicroVAX in India should be able to pinpoint which mobile models are making the most revenue and how this information can be used to improve the company in the future. 0 CUFF should be ethical in his behavior. It is the lack of ethics that has led to major failures like Astray and Enron in the past. Scoffs should drive Corporate Social Responsibility (CARS) activities in the organization and be truly responsible to the society. The Companies Bill, 2012, mandated a 2 percent spend on CARS activities. This has to be viewed by Scoffs as an opportunity to give back to the society and gain the confidence of the public. This would also build goodwill and trust to the company among the public. Conclusion A great CUFF differs from a good CUFF by the way he is able to project the long term financial picture of the company and by the efficacy of his analysis. The CUFF is the right hand of the CEO, the co-pilot who navigates the company through the storm and manages the short term performance measures and enables long term value reaction. The traits which separate a successful CEO from an ordinary CEO are the following-professional focus both including internal focus on operations and external focus on strategy, previous expertise across multiple roles in the finance function, knowledge of various business areas and global experience. In addition to performing financial roles in an exemplary manner, CEO has to do well on the non financial roles also in an exemplary manner in order to be effective and should have good communication skills and knowledge across various business domains.

Huygens Principle of Diffraction

Huygens Principle of Diffraction Huygens principle of wave analysis helps you understand the movements of waves around objects. The behavior of waves can sometimes be counterintuitive. Its easy to think about waves as if they just move in a straight line, but we have good evidence that this is often simply not true. For example, if someone shouts, the sound spreads out in all directions from that person. But if theyre in a kitchen with only one door and they shout, the wave heading toward the door into the dining room goes through that door, but the rest of the sound hits the wall. If the dining room is L-shaped, and someone is in a living room that is around a corner and through another door, they will still hear the shout. If the sound were moving in a straight line from the person who shouted, this would be impossible because thered be no way for the sound to move around the corner. This question was tackled by  Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695), a man who was also known for the creation of some of the  first mechanical clocks  and his work in this area had an influence on Sir Isaac Newton  as he developed his particle theory of light. Huygens Principle Definition The Huygens principle of wave analysis  basically states that: Every point of a wave front may be considered the source of secondary wavelets that spread out in all directions with a speed equal to the speed of propagation of the waves.What this means is that when you have a wave, you can view the edge of the wave as actually creating a series of circular waves. These waves combine together in most cases to just continue the propagation, but in some cases there are significant observable effects. The wavefront can be viewed as the line tangent to all of these circular waves. These results can be obtained separately from Maxwells equations, though Huygens principle (which came first) is a useful model and is often convenient for calculations of wave phenomena. It is intriguing that Huygens work preceded that of James Clerk Maxwell by about two centuries, and yet seemed to anticipate it, without the solid theoretical basis that Maxwell provided. Amperes law and Faradays law predict that every point in an electromagnetic wave acts as a source of the continuing wave, which is perfectly in line with Huygens analysis. Huygens Principle and Diffraction When light goes through an aperture (an opening within a barrier), every point of the light wave within the aperture can be viewed as creating a circular wave which propagates outward from the aperture. The aperture, therefore, is treated as creating a new wave source, which propagates in the form of a circular wavefront. The center of the wavefront has greater intensity, with a fading of intensity as the edges are approached. It explains the diffraction observed, and why the light through an aperture does not create a perfect image of the aperture on a screen. The edges spread out based on this principle. An example of this principle at work is common to everyday life. If someone is in another room and calls towards  you, the sound seems to be coming from the doorway (unless you have very thin walls). Huygens Principle and Reflection/Refraction The laws of reflection and refraction can both be derived from Huygens principle. Points along the wavefront are treated as sources along the surface of the refractive medium, at which point the overall wave bends based upon the new medium. The effect of both reflection and refraction is to change the direction of the independent waves that are emitted by the point sources. The results of the rigorous calculations are identical to what is obtained from Newtons geometric optics (such as Snells law of refraction), which was derived under  a particle principle of light- although Newtons method is less elegant in its explanation of diffraction. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Aristarchus of Samos Biography

Aristarchus of Samos Biography Much of what we know about the science of astronomy and celestial observations is based on observations and theories first proposed by ancient observers in Greece and what is now the Middle East. These astronomers were also accomplished mathematicians and observers. One of them was a deep thinker named Aristarchus of Samos.   He lived from about 310 B.C.E. through approximately 250 B.C.E. and his work is still honored today. Although Aristarchus was occasionally written about by early scientists and philosophers, especially Archimedes (who was a mathematician, engineer, and astronomer), very little is known about his life. He was a student of Strato of Lampsacus, head of Aristotles Lyceum. The Lyceum was a place of learning built before Aristotles time but is most often connected to his teachings. It existed in both Athens and Alexandria. Aristotles studies apparently did not take place in Athens, but rather during the time when Strato was head of the Lyceum at Alexandria. This was probably shortly after he took over in 287 B.C.E. Aristarchus came along as a young man to study under the best minds of his time. What Aristarchus Achieved Aristarchus is best known for two things: his belief that Earth orbits (revolves) around the Sun and his work attempting to determine the sizes and distances of the Sun and Moon relative to each other.   He was one of the first to consider the Sun as a central fire just as the other stars were, and was an early proponent of the idea that stars were other suns.   Although Aristarchus wrote many volumes of commentary and analyses, his only surviving work, On the Dimensions and Distances of the Sun and Moon, does not provide any further insight into his heliocentric view of the universe. While the method he describes in it for obtaining the sizes and distances of the Sun and Moon is basically correct, his final estimates were wrong. This was moore due to a lack of accurate instruments and an inadequate knowledge of mathematics than to the method he used to come up with his numbers. Aristarchuss interest wasnt limited to our own planet. He suspected that, beyond the solar system, the stars were similar to the Sun. This idea, along with his work on the heliocentric model putting the Earth in rotation around the Sun, held for many centuries. Eventually, the ideas of later astronomer Claudius Ptolemy - that the cosmos essentially orbits Earth (also known as geocentrism) - came into vogue, and held sway until Nicolaus Copernicus brought back the heliocentric theory in his writings centuries later.   It is said that Nicolaus Copernicus  credited Aristarchus in his treatise, De revolutionibus caelestibus.  In it he wrote, Philolaus believed in the mobility of the earth, and some even say that Aristarchus of Samos was of that opinion. This line was crossed out prior to its publication, for reasons that are unknown. But clearly, Copernicus recognized that someone else had correctly deduced the correct position of the Sun and Earth in the cosmos. He felt it was important enough to put into his work. Whether he crossed it out or someone else did is open to debate. Aristarchus vs. Aristotle and Ptolemy There is some evidence that Aristarchuss ideas were not respected by other philosophers of his time. Some advocated that he be tried before a set of judges for putting forth ideas against the natural order of things as they were understood at the time. Many of his ideas were directly in contradiction with the accepted wisdom of the philosopher   Aristotle and the Greek-Egyptian nobleman and astronomer Claudius Ptolemy. Those two philosophers held that Earth was the center of the universe, an idea we now know is wrong.   Nothing in the surviving records of his life suggest that Aristarchus was censured for his contrary visions of how the cosmos worked. However, so very little of his work exists today that historians are left with fragments of knowledge about him. Still, he was one of the first to try and mathematically determine distances in space.   As with his birth and life, little is known of Aristarchuss death. A crater on the moon is named for him, in its center is a peak which is the brightest formation on the Moon. The crater itself is located on the edge of the Aristarchus Plateau, which is a volcanic region on the lunar surface. The crater was named in Aristarchuss honor by the 17th-century astronomer Giovanni Riccioli.   Edited and expanded by Carolyn Collins Petersen

Outline and discuss the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) as means of Essay

Outline and discuss the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) as means of valuing securities and their risk. What are the drawbacks - Essay Example Thus each firm has to bear the cost of debt and cost of equity. These costs are calculated through various financial models designed to give an accurate analysis of the costs the firms have to bear. There are three models used by analysts and firms to calculate their cost of capital; the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the Dividend Valuation Model and the Arbitrage Pricing Theory. The focus of this report is the CAPM model and a comparison between this model and the Dividend Valuation Model. â€Å"The capital asset pricing model attributable to Sharpe (1964) is a cornerstone of modern financial theory and originates from the analysis of the cost of capital.† (Chouodary 2004) this market model encompasses the concept of risk and comes under the domain of risk premium market models. This model takes into account the risks borne by the investor for investing in the securities. When an investor puts his money in any security he faces many risks ranging from liquidity to inflat ion etc. The underlying principle of the capital asset pricing model is that investors want to be compensated for bearing the risk in the form of extra return. This extra return is over and above the risk free rate as risk free securities have no risk due to their guaranteed nature. All government securities are risk free as the government will pay back all its investors and there is no default involved in this case. Thus, before actually giving you the CAPM equation one needs to understand the logic of risk and return i.e. the concepts that make up the component of the CAPM equation. Risk and return valuations are the most important part of investment decisions. The risk and return go proportionately with each other i.e. greater the risk greater will be the return. Deriving from the basics an expected return is the mean of the probability distribution of possible future returns. ‘The expected return on an investment is the average return from the investment and is calculated as the probability weighted sum of all potential returns.’(Rao, 1989) The concept of risk and return arises due to the uncertainty of future outcomes. The underlying factor here is that the actual return received may be different from the expected return, thus generating risk for the investors. All financial assets produce cash flows and the riskiness of these assets is derived from the riskiness of these cash flows. An asset considered in isolation carries stand-alone risk and is considered to be less risky as compared to when it is held in a portfolio. In a portfolio, assets with different expected return are grouped together. The risk of the portfolio is divided into two parts: diversifiable risk and market risk. The diversifiable risk is the one that can be eliminated and therefore this type of risk is not accounted for in the risk computation. The risk that the investors are really interested in calculating is the market risk (the non-diversifiable risk) i.e. the relevan t risk which arises from the broad market movements. The measures of the risk are variance and standard deviation. The variance of a stock can be calculated using the below formula provided the required rate of return is given: N Var(R) = ?2 = ? pi(Ri – E[R])2 i=1 Where: N = the number of states pi = the probability of state i Ri = the return on the stock in state i E[R] = the expected return on the stock The positive square root of variance is standards deviation which

Vanessa Bell, Studland Beach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Vanessa Bell, Studland Beach - Essay Example Vanessa Bell was writer Virginia Woolf’s sister, her place within the Bloomsbury Group helping to define her position in British art history. She was born Vanessa Stephen, but married Clive Bell in 1907. Their marriage represented some of the new aesthetics that was a result of cultural re-envisioning that was taking place during this time period as they conducted an open marriage. Her third child was openly that of a lover who raised that child as his own (Rowley). The new avenues of thought that were appearing during this time period allowed for an expansion of the ideas of art, just as the ideas of sexuality, social convention, and science were being tested at this time. Secularism had freed the artists from solely addressing religious themes, thus social, sexual, and cultural themes could be explored for the meanings that could be defined from them which began to become expressions of artistic meanings that were outside of any context provided by the subject matter. It is probable that the distaste for the materialism, the bourgeois concepts of capitalism and the consumer aesthetics inspired artists away from the importance of subject matter, the nature of art becoming focused on meaning through colour, shape, and the defining of space (Cottington 32). Bell’s work can be seen as influenced by both Matisse and Cezanne, the work developed through the concept of shape as it defines the subject, colour as it defines the space. The nature of the work not about the scene it represents.... The new avenues of thought that were appearing during this time period allowed for an expansion of the ideas of art, just as the ideas of sexuality, social convention, and science were being tested at this time. Secularism had freed the artists from solely addressing religious themes, thus social, sexual, and cultural themes could be explored for the meanings that could be defined from them which began to become expressions of artistic meanings that were outside of any context provided by the subject matter. It is probable that the distaste for the materialism, the bourgeois concepts of capitalism and the consumer aesthetics inspired artists away from the importance of subject matter, the nature of art becoming focused on meaning through colour, shape, and the defining of space (Cottington 32). Bell’s work can be seen as influenced by both Matisse and Cezanne, the work developed through the concept of shape as it defines the subject, colour as it defines the space. The nature of the work not about the scene it represents, but about the artistic meanings that are present. According to Rowley, Richard Shone described Bell’s work Studland Beach, (1912) as â€Å"in its move towards abstraction†¦one of the most radical works of the time in England† (31). Vanessa’s husband, Clive Bell, had termed the concept of shape and form over subject as ‘significant form’, the piece representing â€Å"an aesthetic purged of narrative sentiment or circumstantial detail† (Rowley 31). However, despite the idea that narrative sentiment and circumstantial detail are missing, like Virginia Wolfe’s fictional work, To the Lighthouse, Bell’s work is filled with the ‘hauntings’ of Julia Stephens, their mother. Even in trying to search for form over meaning, the

The Kickapoo Indians Essay Example for Free

The Kickapoo Indians Essay The growth of today’s youth in an endangered culture. I. Topic The Kickapoo Indians are a type of Native American people that have tribes across the United States. Stationed in Texas, Kansas, and Oklahoma, the Kickapoo Indians have a culture that has not been looked over and talked about much in our world and lifetime. While they are part of the overall population of our country, we know little about them, and the influence they have on their children and the youth around them in the community. I want to study the youth culture and see how the Kickapoo Indians affect the other cultures around them. II. Literature Review I have done many searches on many sites to look for any research and studies on this tribe and the culture of these people. The states in which they live have the most information about them. The state with the most information is Texas, and there is more information on the Mexican Kickapoo Indians than the other three combined. III. Methodology To study the life and effect of the Kickapoo Indians, the plan is to join into their tribe under the clarification that it will be to show the world more about their culture. We would need to gain funding to help with living costs until the researchers are able to find suitable replacements in the area. We plan to ask permissions for this fieldwork to study the tribe currently in the lower portion of Texas. (see map) The plan is to win trust among the people, and slowly ask them to introduce us to their ceremonies, and beliefs and culture over time. We plan to gain at least three informants. We would pick an informant from each age group to better understand the evolution of the tribe through these past years. (Chapter 5 of Book). We would also like to accomplish a mapping process to understand how the distribution of the land works for the tribe as a whole. (Chapter 5) The tribe, being in lower Texas, will easily be reached by plane. No passports or documents needed for out of country fieldwork will be needed for this field research. The foreseeable problems would be being able to ain access to the tribe grounds, as well as integrate into their community without repercussions. We expect to be able to approach the tribe after a year to two years of preparations prior to the move. After we arrive we figure it will be at a max, an amount of 4 years to be able to gather the information we can from the tribe. We believe it will take a minimum of 2 years in order to gain the trust fully of the tribe. Then another two years to gain th e information from the three informants we hope to gain. IV. Ethical Considerations We are unsure of what type of ethical problems we will be facing when it comes to the Texas tribe of the Kickapoo Indians. Seeing as how these Indians are part of the American culture as well, it would be safe to bet that it would be one of the safer tribes in the world to visit. We can ensure confidentiality using methods placed by federal systems, and can refrain from using informants that fear for their safety among the tribe if they wish, so that they are protected. We can also alert the reservation law enforcement to make sure we are backed up in the protection of the people. We will do anything we can to ensure that any risk to being a participant in our fieldwork is minimal. (Activity 1 Information page) V. Conclusion In conclusion, we would like to study the Texas tribe of Kickapoo Indians to learn about how their youth continue to thrive in the traditions of their elders as they grow in the ever changing world on the United States. With the Kickapoo youth being a part of normal American society we get to see the influence of the traditions of their culture in them, as they influence others around them.

matrix :: essays research papers

The Matrix Directed by the Wachowski Brothers â€Å"Buckle your seat belt Dorothy, because Kansas is going bye-bye.† -Cypher (Hugo Weaving) â€Å"Through all the action we’re trying to tell a story and there is a lesson to be learned. The movie has a meaning and a positive message. It’s a story for the fight for individuality and compassion and coming to terms with the world. It has such heart and soul.† -Keanu Reeves â€Å"Expect the unexpected.† -The Wachowski Brothers Written and directed by the Wachowski Brothers, released in 1999 Larry Wachowski was born on June 21, 1965 in Chicago, Illinois. His brother Andy Wachowski was born on December 29, 1967 in Chicago Illinois. They started out as comic book writers but then got into the movie business. Their first movie was Bound, which was released in 1996. The also wrote Assassins for Richard Donner. They wrote and directed The Matrix, and it was released in 1999. The Matrix won four Oscars, one Grammy, and an MTV Movie Award. They like to play the audiences perception so that the audience doesn’t know what is going to happen next. Keanu Reeves†¦Neo or Mr. Anderson  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carrie-Anne Moss†¦Trinity Hugo Weaving†¦Cypher  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lawrence Fishburne†¦Morphius Sequence This sequence takes place towards the end of the movie. It begins in the lobby of the building where the agents are holding Morphius captive. Neo and Trinity are trying to rescue Morphius. When they walk into the building they must first get through the security guards before they can do anything else. After that they get on the elevator and then stop it. They then get on top of the elevator and shoot the wires after they attach a clamp that will take them to the top of the building. This sequence begins with a ground level pull back dolly shot of Neo entering a building through rotating doors. The camera straight cuts a reverse angle shot of Neo entering the building. The camera pans down to the bag that Neo is placing on to the conveyer belt that takes it through the x-ray machine. The camera straight cuts to the red lights that are flashing on the metal detector that Neo walked through. The camera pans down to Neo with a medium close up shot. There is a straight cut side angle shot of a security guard approaching Neo and asking him to remove any metal objects that he may be carrying. There is then a straight cut close up of Neo opening his trench coat and revealing the weapons that he is carrying.

CPT Literary Significance Notes Essay

Plot * Liesel, her mother and her brother Werner are all travelling on a train, to greet Werner’s and Liesels foster parents. * Liesel, illiterate has a dream o Adolf Hitler and speaks to him in broken German. * As she is half awake, Liesels brother dies, and there were two Nazi soldiers who argue on weather they leave the body there or take it with them. * Both Liesel and her mother are traumatized by his sudden death and 2 days later he is buried. * After the ceremony finishes Liesel digs at his grave but is dragged away by her mother, but before getting on another train Liesel steals a book she is unable to even read the title of. * She is taken to a place in Munich called Himmel -â€Å"Heaven† to meet Rosa and Hans Hubermann, her foster parents. * She refuses to meet or get out of the car with her suitcase that only contains her clothes and the book she stole from her brother’s gravesite. * The only person that manages to get her out of the care is her foster father. * Liesel feels abandoned by her mother, but understands that it’s better for her to live there and be protected from the poverty; she also learns that her father was a communist, but she doesn’t yet know the meaning of that word. * Liesels foster mother acts harshly upon her and calls her a â€Å"pig girl† when she refuses to bathe, but claims to loves her. * Her foster father, Hans develops a closer relationship with her and teaches her how to roll cigarettes. she starts calling them â€Å"mama† and â€Å"papa† * Liesel got terrible nightmares about her brother the first few months and was accompanied by Hans, who she kept the book hidden from. * She kept the book as a symbol reminding her the last time she saw her brother, and the last time she saw her mother. * Liesel is put in school but has to stay with a much younger grade, just learning the alphabet. When she turns ten she joins the Hitler Youth. * Liesel makes a friend names Rudy who stands up for her when other kids call her stupid. * They always pass Rudy’s fathers tailor shop and a street with broken homes with yellows stars (Star of David) on them. * Jesse Owens is a black runner Rudy is obsessed with, he colours himself black with charcoal and is dragged and lectured at home by his father, saying not to pretend to be black or Jewish because of the racist Nazis * Hans discovers the stolen book and agrees to teach her how to read, even though he himself is a poor reader. * Hans teaches Liesel every night, and continues to comfort her after her nightmares. * Liesel is later put into a class of her own level, but is not asked to perform same tasks because of her teacher, Sister Maria. * the whole class but Liesel is asked to read in front of the class, Liesel insists and is embarrassed in front of the whole class when she is unable to read and beaten by Sister Maria. * Liesel is made fun of by many students but get angry to a point where she beats Tommy and Ludwig up. She is upset about being called stupid and remembering her brother, Rudy walks her home and comforts her. | Character * Death- narrator * Liesel Meminger-(The book thief) a nine year old, steals books even though she doesn’t know how to read. Liesels love for words is incredible. Forced to move in with foster parents, because her mother is unable to keep her safe or take care of her needs. She is determined to be able to read and write. She doesn’t know what is actually happening around her, and the fact that the Nazis and Hitler are taking control and using their power for evil. * Hans Hubermann- Liesel papa, her foster father. She describes him as a very mellow and genuinely nice man, his kindness and gentleness is what makes Liesel close to him, we are told that he is the one that Liesel loves most. Protecting and helping others is what he does, he is a painter and used to be a part in the army. He doesn’t support Hitler or the Nazi but in order to protect his family and show loyalty to his people he applies for a membership multiple times. He is well known and like in the town but some people call him â€Å"Jew lover† He teaches Liesel how to read even though he himself is at 4th grade ability. He makes her feel safe and their relationship becomes very strong. * Rosa Hubermann- Liesels foster mother, her job is to do the ironing and washing for the wealthy people from the town, she is a very cold woman with a very foul mouth. Death tells us that even though she is very harsh towards her husband and Liesel she loves them both very much and deep inside actually has a very big and worm heart. * Rudy Steiner- Is one of Liesel very first and only true friend. He loves Liesel and stands up for her, he keeps her company and is able to cheer her up when she is down, just like how Hans is able to. He was also referred to as the boy who was obsessed with the black American athlete Jesse Owens. * Alex Steiner- Rudy’s father was a part of the Nazi part, only to protect his family. He had nothing against Jews, he found his son coloured black in order to represent Jesse Owens and gave him a lecture that he should be proud to be white, not black. an be proud that he has beautiful blonde hair and big blue eyes, and he should want to be like a black person or a Jew * Hans Junior and Trudy Hubermann- The Hubermanns children, Hans and his father don’t have a close relationship because he does not think his father tries hard enough to join the Nazi party which he supports greatly, and Trudy is a maid and babysitter for the wealthy. * Frau Holtzapel- A neighbour that spit on the Hubermanns door every time she walked past * Sister Maria- â€Å"A halo surrounded the grim reaper nun† beat Liesel for wanting to read in front of the class which she was unable to do, made fun and didn’t believe in Liesel. * | Theme Discrimination- Hitler effected and killed many people, Liesel did not know that, she was unaware of what was happening around her because she was so young, In their town all the Jews were getting their homes and stores shut down and taken away from them. Even if you didn’t support the Nazi party you would have to apply to it to protect your family and yourself from being questioned and killed.†Jesse Owens had just completed the 4x100m relay and won his fourth gold medal. Talk that he was subhuman because he was black and Hitler’s refusal to shake his hand were touted around the world. Even the most racist Germans were amazed with the efforts of Owens. â€Å"Love and Friendship-Liesel and her father bonded and she felt closest to him right away, she was sent to him and his wife because her mother was unable to take care of her, she was mad at her but understood that it was the right thing to do, her love for her mother and brother was indescribable, when her brother died it was as if her world had collapsed, she had constant nightmares about being at his grave site for a long time. â€Å"Somewhere in all the snow, she could see her broken heart, in two pieces. Each half was glowing, and beating under all that white.† | Style/ Literary Devices Discrimination-â€Å"But you’ve got beautiful bond hair and big SAFE blue eyes, you should be happy with that, is that clear?† Metaphor- Rudy’s dad was telling him he should be glad he is neither black nor Jewish, and be thankful that he has blond hair and blue eyes, Hitler’s preference that kept him safe.Love and Friendship-â€Å"Like cigarettes and kerosene. Sitting in the water, she imagined the smell of it, mapped out on her papas clothes. More than anything, it was the smell of friendship, and she could find it on herself, too. Liesel loved that smell. She would sniff her arm and smile as the water cooled around her.† Metaphor- Liesel loved her papa just as much as he loved her, his scent made her feel safe and she felt comfortable, she loved it. She knew that her papa would keep her safe and they would do anything for each other.|

Fiedler contingency model Essay

Whenever and wherever human beings are gathered together in large numbers, they need leadership. Even children need their school prefects and schools captains! Men whether of the East or the West, require to be led and each group ‘throws up’ its own leaders in each succeeding generation. Whether in the school-room, or on the battlefield or in governmental deliberations, people who are natural leaders and who are chosen to lead, always have the same qualities of character and of outlook. In order to become the best leader the person should possess several qualities that will be described in this essay. Leadership is an indispensable activity, which every leader has tap perform for directing the people, working under him. It is the ability of the Leader to induce subordinates to work with confidence and zeal. In other words â€Å"Leadership is the process by which an leader imaginatively directs, guides and influence the work of others in choosing and attaining specified goals by mediating between the individuals and the organisation in such as manner, that both will obtain maximum satisfaction. As a matter of a fact many people choose their perspective leader by appearance, however it is their fault. Some people have a misconception that only those people who are physically strong can become good leaders, but this is not the fact. A leader may not be physically strong but he needs to be mentally strong and firm in decisions. For example, Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation was the greatest leader but he was active and had a firm desire to serve the Nation. He had the power of organizing and uniting people and attracting people towards him by his speeches. This is the best quality of a leader which he had in him. We can also say that, a person who can satisfy the basic psychological needs of his followers can also be an effective leader. Leadership is a quality which cannot be acquired by any person from the other but it can be acquired by self-determination of a person. Leadership can best be called the personality of the very highest ability-whether in ruling, thinking, imagining, innovation, warring, or religious influencing. that only those people who are physically strong can become good leaders, but this is not the fact. A leader may not be physically strong but he needs to be mentally strong and firm in decisions. For example, Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation was the greatest leader but he was active and had a firm desire to serve the Nation. He had the power of organizing and uniting people and attracting people towards him by his speeches. Being altruistic and farseeing also affect the leadership. A leader has to use his/her brain every time and also has to remain alert with eyes and ears open otherwise he/she could easily be carried by any fraud or enemy. Many a times we see such situations around us, where a person in trouble or problem doesn’t hesitate in blaming and embarrassing even his closest friend to save himself, and also does not bother about his friends at all because the person has to get rid of his problems anyhow. So, he just thinks about himself and his life, the life of other does not matter to him much. Almost all of us are having one or more such close friends, so a leader should always keep in mind that he should not trust even his closest friends more than required as it can create problems for him. At the time of war, an Army Officer who leads his soldiers as to apply his brain every second and has to be attentive while marching ahead. A Police Officer has to be attentive always while he is at work as his duty is to control crime and provide safety to the people. The political leader of a county should be most intelligent as the security of not only few people but of the whole nation depends in him in one way or the other. Therefore, we can say intelligence and alertness are the indispensable qualities of a leader. As for example, one of the greatest leader of his time, Winston Churchill could win the Second World War just by applying his brain and his alertness. A leader should also be an optimist having a positive attitude. he should not think negatively or plan something showing negative attitude. A person who thinks or plans something’s showing his negative attitude never be a Leader. A leader should always be courageous. He should have courage to face the troubles or problems and solving the problems by himself in place of blaming and embarrassing others. Cowards, who at the time of facing problems or troubles in their life try to blame and embarrass others can never succeed in their life. Such person remain at the same place where they stood in the beginning. To gain height and achieve something, one should come out of cowardness, jealousy and should become innovative, courageous, action-oriented and optimist. A good leader has all these qualities in him. To elaborate further the qualities of a good leader there are three theories of leadership and these are (a) trait theory (b) behavioral theory and (c) situation theory. The first approach (trait theory) views leadership as a conglomeration of a set of personality traits. The older tradition in these studies of leadership has been the search for a cluster of traits, attributes or other types of individual difference, which see leaders apart from their followers or which distinguish effective leaders from ineffective ones. A good leader, as it found more often, is a good teacher. Instead of bossing his followers or group members – a good leader always helps them through experience that brings a changed mind and motive. The leaders are rarely born. Favorable circumstances and perseverance – these are the main components of the education of any leader. Therefore, if your goal – to take the lead, develop those qualities that, in your opinion, still do not meet the â€Å"standard. † The aforementioned characteristics can help people to make great strides in being leader regardless of sphere of work, as human should preserve the humanistic thought. Finally, a good leader must be faithful to his group members and activities. This in turn, will result in an atmosphere of assurance among the followers. Having faith in self abilities and the world around him/her the leader gains inspiration and also inspires others in the process.

Using Lo Que to Form Noun Phrases in Spanish

Using Lo Que to Form Noun Phrases in Spanish A common way of forming a phrase that acts as a noun is to use lo que, as shown in the following excerpt from a news article. Learn how to use lo que to form noun phrases in Spanish along with its suggested translation and discover key notes on its vocabulary and grammar. Excerpt Antognini y otros colegas europeos y de EE UU presentan esta semana en science un estudio que seà ±ala que el protà ³n es ms pequeà ±o de lo que se cree. Los resultados confirman lo que el mismo equipo ya publicà ³ en Nature en 2010: El protà ³n parece ser 0,00000000000003 milà ­metros menor de lo que pensaban los investigadores. Source: ABC.es. Retrieved Jan. 25, 2013. Suggested Translation Antognini and other European and American colleagues are presenting a study in science this week that indicates that the proton is smaller than what is believed. The results confirm what the same research team already published in Nature in 2010: The proton seems to be 0.00000000000003 millimeters smaller than what researchers thought. Key Grammatical Issue Lo que, used in this selection three times, is a common way of starting a phrase that functions as a noun. It is best to think of lo que  as a single word, a type of neuter relative pronoun. When lo que refers to an idea or abstract action, it can almost always be translated as what or that which. Examples of everyday phrases using lo que in this way include: Lo que pasa;  what is happening.Lo que hemos hecho; what we have done.Lo que me preocupa; what is worrying me.Lo que sabemos; what we know.Lo que es inolvidable; what is unforgettable. The thing that can be used in translation when referring to something more specific: Lo que tiene seis ojos, the thing that has six eyes. Other Notes on Vocabulary and Grammar EE UU is a plural abbreviation for Estados Unidos.Ms pequeà ±o and menor are examples of comparisons of inequality.Se cree is a conjugated reflexive form of creer, a verb meaning to believe or to think. The reflexive here is used like the passive voice in that it indicates something is believed without explicitly stating who is doing the believing.Equipo in Spanish refers to a group of people working together for a common purpose. Usually translated as team, it is applied to non-sports activities more often than the English word is. Research team was used in translation for clarity.Ya is an adverb usually used to add emphasis. Already was used in the translation as a way of emphasizing that preliminary findings had been published earlier.See lessons on parecer, ser and pensar for more about the usage of those verbs.Note the use of the comma in the number where English would use a period. The original sentence came from a publication in Spain; had it come from Mexico, the number woul d have been rendered with a period.

Using the Spanish Phrase A Pesar De

Using the Spanish Phrase A Pesar De A pesar de is one of the idioms that Spanish uses the most often to convey the idea of in spite of or despite. A related phrase, a pesar de que, is often translated as even though or even if. Grammatically, these phrases are known as terms of concession, meaning that they are used to diminish the importance of what follows. Pesar is the verb for to weigh, but that isnt important here because the phrases have meanings of their own. The difference between a pesar de and a pesar de que is that the former acts as a preposition in that it is followed by an object such as a noun or pronoun, while the latter is followed by a clause (a subject followed by a verb). Using A Pesar De For example, see how a pesar de is followed by an object in these sentences: El matrimonio es vlido a pesar del error ortà ³grafico. (The marriage is valid despite the spelling mistake.)A pesar de sus problemas, es fcil hablar con à ©l. (In spite of his problems, its easy to talk to him.)Einstein era mal alumno a pesar de su inteligencia. (Einstein was a poor student despite his intelligence.)A pesar de no estudiar, he aprobado el curso. (In spite of not studying, I have passed the course. Note that although estudiar is a verb, it can be an object because it is an infinitive functioning as a noun.)A pesar del voto de este domingo la decisià ³n final no est en manos de los puertorriqueà ±os. (Despite the vote this Sunday, the final decision isnt in the hands of Puerto Ricans.)Su sinceridad y su fortaleza, a pesar de sus dificultades, fueron una gran leccià ³n para mà ­. (Her sincerity and her strength of character, despite her difficulties, were a great lesson for me.) Using A Pesar De Que But a pesar de que is followed by a noun (or pronoun) with an accompanying verb. That verb should be in the subjunctive mood if the action of the sentence is hypothetical or has yet to occur. Me gusta el esquiar a pesar de que el equipo de esquà ­ es caro. (I like skiing even though ski gear is expensive.)Fuimos a la playa a pesar de que hacà ­a viento. (We went to the beach even though it was windy. Note that the subject of hacà ­a is implied rather than specified.)A pesar de que voy a clases de canto desde hace mucho tiempo, no puedo bailar. (Even though Ive been going to classes since a long time ago, I cant dance.)Casandra preferirà ­a vivir con su hermano a pesar de que à ©l sea pobre. (Casandra would prefer to live with her brother even if he is poor. Note that the subjunctive is used because of the hypothetical nature of the sentence.)No puedo ganar dinero a pesar de que vaya a cumplir 25 aà ±os en octubre. (He cant earn money even though he is going to be 25 years old in October. Note that the subjunctive of ir is used because because it refers to a future event.)Te extraà ±o a pesar de que estamos juntos. (I miss you even thought were together.) Common Phrases Using A Pesar De Two everyday phrases including a pesar de are shown in boldface in these sample sentences: A pesar de los pesares, la tormenta ya no es una amenaza. (In spite of everything, the storm still isnt a threat.)A pesar de todo seguimos adelante. (Despite everything, were continuing forward.) Two Related Phrases: Pese A, Pese A Que The phrases pese a and pese a que can be used in the same way as their longer counterparts: Pese a ello, la organizacià ³n de las elecciones sigue siendo un campo de disputa. (Despite this, the organization of elections keeps on being a field of dispute.)Dijo que pese a su fortuna, el dinero no es su principal motivacià ³n. (She said that despite her fortunate, money is not her principal motivation.)Pese a que estaba roto el aire acondicionado, estuvimos un buen rato allà ­ dentro. (Even though the air conditioning was broken, we were in there for a good while.)La habà ­a completamente olvidado, pese a que vi la pelà ­cula un millà ³n de veces. (I had completely forgotten the film, even though I had seen it a million times.)

Advanced Corporate Finance - 'Company Valuation is an art not a Essay

Advanced Corporate Finance - 'Company Valuation is an art not a Science.' - Essay Example Valuation of a company is very difficult and it takes a lot of efforts for the company to access the right price of the company. There is however never a right or wrong price for a company and the price of companies depends a lot on a number of different factors. The main aim of this essay is to understand and highlight the various aspects for valuing of a company. Also aims to evaluate and argue about the various aspects of the company. It is essential to note that any business person entering into a business should have a valid exit plan. An exit plan from the market is very essential for any business. This is mainly a consideration when a business requires leaving the markets either due to a loss or even when a business plans to dissolve. As a part of the exit plan, the most essential point to be noted that while entering into a business the business person should also consider one aspect i.e. what the business is worth. Business valuation is an industry by itself (Feechan, 2006). The valuation of business can be done by the company itself or even by professional companies that mainly deal with business valuations. The valuation of companies can be based on a number of different aspects, like the net assets, discounted cash flows, etc. These valuations however do not give the full view and story of the company (Bytestart, 2008). There are a number of different modes for companies to be valued. The correct use of the various available valuation formulae will give a better view of the company and will help also provide for the amounts that a buyer might be interested in paying for the company, however this is not necessarily the selling price as the company can only be sold at a price that the buyers will be willing to pay. It is in the case of both the parties, the sellers want to gain as much as possible and the buyers want to pay as little as possible. This however cannot be argued as both the parties are always justifiable in both the cases